5.2.2: The brain (biology only)
Not started yet — this one needs some love.
The brain controls complex behaviour and is made of billions of interconnected neurones.
Different regions of the brain carry out different functions.
The cerebral cortex is involved in consciousness, intelligence, memory and language.
The cerebellum coordinates muscular activity and balance.
The medulla controls unconscious activities such as breathing and heart rate.
Brain function can be investigated by studying patients with brain damage, electrically stimulating parts of the brain and using MRI scanning techniques.
Investigating and treating brain disorders is difficult because the brain is complex and delicate.
Common exam mistakes
Do not mix up the cerebellum and cerebral cortex; coordination and balance belong to the cerebellum.
Do not say the medulla controls voluntary movement; it controls unconscious activities such as breathing and heart rate.
MRI and electrical stimulation can give useful evidence about brain function, but treatment is still risky because brain tissue is delicate and easily damaged.
In evaluation answers, compare the useful information gained with risks such as damage to surrounding brain areas.